Congenital Heart Diseases – Causes, Types, and Treatment

In medical, 'congenital' refers to a condition that is present from birth. Congenital heart diseases are the defects present from birth and it is the most common type of birth defect. These defects can be related to the flow of blood, valves, arteries, and other abnormalities of the heart. The best cardiologist hospitals in Delhi say that “These defects can be simple with no effect or complex affecting the life of a baby.” Therefore, it is important to provide timely diagnoses and proper treatment for congenital heart diseases. 


Causes
 
Congenital heart diseases are caused during pregnancy. The possible reasons could be the consumption of alcohol, smoking, poorly controlled diabetes, genetic problem, consumption of medicines for acne, and some infection to mother during pregnancy.  

Common Types of Congenital Heart Diseases and their Treatment
 
There are many types of congenital heart diseases of which, some common are stated below:

Septal Defects – 

Commonly known as ‘hole in heart,’ in septal defect, there is a hole between chambers of the heart. In ventricular septal defect, there is a hole between the right and left chamber of the lower heart. In atrial septal defect, there is a hole in the upper part of the heart between the two chambers. A murmur or additional sound with heartbeat is a way to diagnose this defect. It is treated with surgery if there are chances of heart failure.  

Pulmonary Valve Stenosis –

It is a defect in pulmonary valve which is blocked, obstructed, or smaller than normal. Pulmonary valve is responsible for controlling blood flow from right chamber of lower part of the heart to the lungs. Echocardiogram is used to hear heart murmur for diagnosing the defect. Balloon angioplasty procedures or surgery is done, to treat this defect depending on the condition.

Underdeveloped Heart – 

It is a condition when the heart of the baby is not fully developed, and it makes blood flow difficult to lungs and other parts of the body. There are different types of underdeveloped heart, one of which is hypoplastic left heart syndrome. In this, the left side of the heart is underdeveloped which is inefficient to provide the right amount of blood flow. It is treated through different surgeries depending on the type and severity of the defect.
The other types of congenital heart diseases include combination of defects, heart muscle defects, coarctation of aorta, and dextro-transposition of arteries. Some children with congenital heart diseases may need treatment and some may not. It is recommended that you see the best Cardiac Surgeon in delhi NCR for diagnoses and treatment in Delhi. These suggest and provide with right treatment depending on the defect and its severity, and child's age and health.


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